Assistant Professor Jim Stewart from Trinity College Dublin has produced a paper challenging the PwC/World Bank Report which calculates the Irish effective Corporation Tax rate is 12.3%. By using data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis he says the effective rate for US companies in Ireland is 2.2%. The Taoiseach among others responded by saying that the professor had used profit figures of companies incorporated in Ireland and not companies operating in Ireland. The figures would be distorted by including companies that have no taxable presence in Ireland.